An Outline of Jain History

Time: To 8th cent BCE Political events: Increasing complexity of human society, The Mahabharata war
Events in Jain history	Other events in India	Overseas events
The first 22 Tirthankaras: Rishabha to Nemi Bharat, the Chakravarti	Vedic Samhitas	Moses
Time: 8th cent. BCE to 3rd cent. BCE Political events: The 16 Maha-janpadas, Magadh empire, Alexendar's invasion (327-298BCE), Chandragupta Maurya(322-298BCE)
Parshwa, 23rd Jina Mahavira (599-527BCE) 1 , 2 Origin of Paryushana and Diwali The Kevalis: Gautam, Sudharma, Jambuswami (64 years) The Shruta-kevalis (106 years)	Upanishads, Buddha (563-483) Panini's Sanskrit Grammar Mahabharata, Ramayana in early form	Zarthustra (630-553 ?), Pythagorus (581-497), Hellinistic Philosophers, Confucius(551-478)
Time: 3rd. cent. BCE-5 cent. CE (about 800 years) Political events: Mauryas, Shungas, Shaka, Kushana, Guptas Huna destruction (450-500 CE) in North India
Orders emerge: Kottiya, Mula-Sangha Kalinga-Chakravarti Ela Kharvela (2nd c. BCE) Acharyas: Aryarakshita Suri (1st cent AD), Anuyogadarsutta Kundakunda (2nd c. CE) Umaswati (3rd c.) Tatvartha-Sutra Samantabhadra (3/4th c.) Siddhasena (5th c.) Popularity of Jain images in Mathura Mathura (by A. Skandila) and Valabhi (by A. Nagarjuna) councils, 300-303. Valabhi council 453 CE of Devardhigani Agama Lit. Sanskrit gradually replaces Prakrit	Edicts of King Ashoka Manu-smriti Early Puranas Mahabharata, Ramayana in final form Kalidas (5/6th. c.) Decimal number system invented	Stoics, Jesus (6BCE-30CE) Mani (215-276) Marcus Aurelius (161-180) Buddhism in Srilanka, China
Time: 5th to 13th cent. Political events: Rajputs emerge, Turkish destruction, Slave dynasty
Acharyas: Haribhadra (757-787 AD) Manatunga (7rd c.)Bhaktamar Stotra Akalanka (7th c.) Virasena (8-9th c.) Nemichandra S.(10th c.) Hemachandra (1088-1173) Hummacha matha founded (8th cent.) Rashtrakuta King Amoghavarsha (815-876) Solanki King Kumarapala (1143-73) Orders emerge: Kashtha-sangha (9th cent) Vrahada-gachchha (937) Kharatara-gachchha (1024, Jinchandra Suri Tapa-gachchha(1228) Modern Jain communities emerge Ministers Vastupal and Tejapal (Abu temple 1232) Mahaviracharya, Mathematician Jain contributions to early Hindi, Gujarati, and Kannada literature. Gommateshwar at Sravana Belgola Nagara temple style emerges	Later Puranas Shankaracharya (788-820) Ramanuja (1050-1137) Buddhism declines in India Widespread destruction in India	Hellenism (Greek religion) declines Muhammad (-632) Islamic conquest of Iran (641) Buddhism in Japan, Tibet
Time: 13th cent to 1526. Political events: Sultans, Bahmanis
Bhattarakas emerge (13th c.) Pethad Shah & Puranchand (Tirthayatras, 14th c.) Orders: Lonka (15th c.) Taran (15th c.) Massive pratishtha by Papriwal (1491) Continued evolution of Jain communities	Sayana Vedic comment. (1300-1386) Ramananda (14th c) Kabir (1444-1518) Chaitanya (1485-) Nanak (1469-1538) Vallabhacharya (1479-) Buddhism virtually extinguished in India	Martin Luther (Protest. 1517)
Time: 1526-1818 Political events: Mughals, Marathas
Hiravijaya (1553-1595) Yashovijaya (18th c.) Orders: Terapantha: Banarasi (1623) Terapanth: Bikshu (1759) Jagatseths of Murshidabad(18th c.) Nagarseths of Mathura (19th c.)	Tulsi Das (1532-1623)	.
Time: 1818-current Political events: British, independence of India, UN founded
Rajchandra (1867-1901) Virachand Gandhi in America (1893) Shantisagar (1873-1955) Kanji-swami (Org. 1937) Growth of orders Overseas Jain settlements Tulsi & Mahaprajna Sushil Kumar Jinendra Varni (Saman-suttam)	Vivekananda Sahajanand (Swaminarayan) 1781-1886 Tagore Gandhi Osho Rajneesh	Buddhism, ISCON (1966) in the west Joseph Smith, Jr, (Mormons 1830) Bahaullah (Bahai 1863) Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (Ahmadiyya 1914)

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